Class 12 Physics Learning Resources

Welcome to the Class 12 Physics section.

About This Section of Class 12:

Here you will find chapter-wise notes, formula sheets, MCQs as well as conceptual explanations.

These resources are very useful for CBSE Board examinations as well as for building a strong foundation for NEET and JEE preparation. Every chapter is prepared in a simple and student-friendly manner.

The study material available here is prepared according to the latest NCERT syllabus and focuses on conceptual understanding rather than rote learning.

This page is created for CBSE Class 12 students and for aspirants preparing for NEET, JEE and other competitive examinations.

Physics in Class 12 plays a crucial role in Board examinations and competitive entrance tests. Therefore, every chapter is explained carefully with clear concepts, important formulas, diagrams and examination-oriented notes.

Image of Myself in Physics Lab:

About the Author:

The content has been prepared by Er. Birendra Pratap Singh, an experienced Physics educator who has been teaching senior secondary students for many years.

Syllabus of Class 12 Physics as per CBSE:

This page provides complete Chapter-wise Notes covering all major Chapters. It includes as per NCERT Book,

1. Electric Charges and Fields
2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
3. Current Electricity
4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
5. Magnetism and Matter
6. Electromagnetic Induction
7. Alternating Current
8. Electromagnetic Waves
9. Ray Optics
10. Wave Optics
11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
12. Atoms
13. Nuclei
14. Semiconductor and Electronics Devices

Each Chapter contains,

Inside each chapter, detailed notes are provided. Diagrams, figures and graphs are included.

Formula Sheets for quick revision are also available. These formula sheets summarize important equations and concepts in a simple format. It makes revision faster and more effective before examinations.

Every chapter also includes carefully selected MCQs that help students evaluate their understanding and prepare for CBSE Board examinations, NEET and JEE. Regular practice improves conceptual clarity, speed and accuracy.

Objective of this Section of Class 12 Physics:

The objective of this website is to make Physics easy, interesting and enjoyable for every learner. Students can use these resources for classroom learning, homework, revision and competitive examination preparation.

New notes, blogs, eBooks and educational resources will continue to be added regularly.

Whether you are aiming for high marks in the CBSE Board Examination or preparing for engineering and medical entrance examinations, this page offers reliable and high-quality study material to support your preparation.

Keep learning with confidence, revise regularly, solve practice questions and stay connected for the latest Physics resources.

Best Wishes for your academic success!

Internal Link

1. Class 11 Physics
2. Blog
3. eBook

External Link

Visit NCERT for Official text books.

Physics Notes

Chapterwise

• Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields
• Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
• Chapter-3: Current Electricity
• Chapter-4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
• Chapter-5: Magnetism and Matter
• Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction
• Chapter-7: Alternating Current
• Chapter-8: Electromagnetic Waves
• Chapter-9: Ray Optics
• Chapter-10: Wave Optics
• Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
• Chapter-12: Atoms
• Chapter-13: Nuclei
• Chapter-14: Semiconductor and Electronic Devices

Physics Formulae Sheet

• Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields

• Chapter-2: Electrostatics Ptential and Capacitance
• Chapter-3: Current Electricity
• Chapter-4: Moving Charges & Magnetism
• Chapter-5: Magnetism & Matter
• Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction
• Chapter-7: Alternating Current
• Chapter-8: Electromagnetic waves
• Chapter-9: Ray Optics
• Chapter-10: Wave Optics
• Chapter-11:DualNature of Radiation and Mattter
• Chapter-12: Atoms
• Chapter-13: Nuclei

Physics MCQ Practice

• Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields
  Welcome to your Ch-1: Electric Charges and Fields

  1. 

  If an electric dipole is placed in non-uniform electric field, then

  force is zero

  torque is not zero

  both force and torque are non-zero

  Force is zero but torque is non-zero

  None

  2. 

  The net electric field at equatorial position at distance r from the centre of a dipole is

  directly proportional to r³

  inversely proportional to r³

  inversely proportional to r²

  zero

  None

  3. 

  The electric field due to an infinite line charge at distance r is

  directly proportional to r

  inversely proportional to r

  inversely proportional to r²

  independent of r

  None

  4. 

  Indentify the incorrect option

  Electric field lines never form a closed loop

  Electric field lines do not cross each other

  Electric field line is perpendicular on the surface of conductor

  Electric field line is not a continuous line

  None

  5. 

  Two point charges -q and +q/2 are situated at the origin and at the point (a,0,0) respectively. The point along x-axis where the electric field vanishes is:

  x = a/√2

  x = a√2

  x = a√2/(√2-1

  x=a√2 /(√2+1)

  None

  6. 

  Charges q, 2q, 3q and 4q are placed at the corners A, B, C and D of a square as shown in the following figure.The direction of electric field at the centre of the square is along:

  

  AB

  CB

  BD

  AC

  None

  7. 

  Three identical point charges, as shown,are placed at the vertices of an isosceles right angled triangle. Which of the numbered vectors coincides in direction with the electric field at the mid-point of the hypotenuse?

  

  1

  2

  3

  4

  None

  8. 

  Electric flux through a surface of area 10 m² lying in the x-y plane,if vector E =i ̂+√2 j ̂+√3 k ̂ N/C, is

  100 Vm

  141.4 Vm

  17.32 Vm

  200 Vm

  None

  9. 

  A charge q is placed at the centre of the open end of cylindrical vessel.The flux of the electric field through the surface of the vessel is:

  Zero

  q/ε₀

  q/2ε₀

  2q/ε₀

  None

  10. 

  Two spherical conductors B and C having equal radii and carying equal charges in them repel each other with a force F when kept apart at some distance. A third spherical conductor having the same radius as that of B but uncharged is brought in contact with B, then with C and finally removed away from both. The new force of repulsion between B and C is

  F/4

  3F/4

  F/8

  3F/8

  None

  11. 

  Two charges + 4 e and + e are at distance x apart. At what distance, a charge q must be placed from charge +e so that it is in equilibrium?

  x/2

  2x/3

  x/3

  x/6

  None

  12. 

  Two equal negative charges -q are fixed at points (0, a) and (0, -a) on the y-axis. A positive charge Q is released from rest at the point (2a, 0) on the x-axis. The charge Q will

  execute simple harmonic motion about the origin

  move to the origin and remains at rest

  move to infinity

  execute oscillatory but not simple harmonic motion

  None

  13. 

  Two electric dipoles of moment P and 64 P are placed in opposite direction on a line at a distance 25 cm. The electric field will be zero at points between the dipoles whose distance from the dipole of moment P is:

  5 cm

  25/9 cm

  10 cm

  4/13 cm

  None

  14. 

  Consider two thin uniformly charged concentric shells of radii r and 2r having charges q and -q respectively, as shown. Three points A, B and C are marked at distances r/2, 3r/2 and 5r/2 respectively from their common centre. If E₁, E₂ and E₃ are magnitudes of electric fields at points A, B and C respectively then

  

  E₁ > E₂ > E₃

  E₃ > E₂ > E₁

  E₂ > E₁ = E₃

  E₂ > E₁ > E₃

  None

  15. 

  Four charges each equal to -Q are placed at the four corners of a square and a charge q is at its centre. If the system is in equilibrium, the value of q is:

  [-Q(1 + 2√2)]/4

  [Q (1 + 2√2}]/4

  [-Q (1 +2√2)]/2

  [Q(1 + 2√2)]/2

  None

  16. 

  Two point charges =4q and +q are placed at a distance L apart. A third charge Q is so placed that all three charges are in equilibrium. Then location and magnitude of third charge will be

  at a distance L/3 from +4q charge, 4q/9

  at a distance L/3 from +4q charge, -4q/9

  at a distance of 2L/3 from +4q charge, 4q/9

  at a distance 2L/3 from +q charge, 4q/9

  None

  17. 

  Two infinite plane sheet A and B are parallel to each other and separated by some distance apart. The surface charge densities on A and B are (2/π) × 10⁻⁹ C/m² and (-1/π) × 10⁻⁹ C/m² respectively. The electric field at a point between the two plates at point C is:

  

  18 N/C along +x direction

  54 N/C along + x direction

  36 N/C along +x direction

  72 N/C along +x direction

  None

  18. 

  A charge Q is placed at each of the two opposite corners of a square. A charge q is placed at each of the other two corners. If the net electrical force on Q is zero, the Q/q equals

  -1

  1

  -2√2

  -1/√2

  None

  19. 

  When air is replaced by a dielectric medium of dielectric constant k, the maximum force of attraction between two charges separated by a distance

  decreases k times

  increases k times

  remains unchanged

  decreases k² times

  None

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• Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields (New)
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-1-Electric Charges and Fields (New)

  1. 

  The flux through a cube of side 'l' if a point charge q at one of its corners, is

  2q/ε₀

  q/8ε₀

  q/ε₀

  6a²q/2ε₀

  None

  2. 

  When a glass rod is rubbed with the silk cloth, the charge acquired on the glass rod is due to

  friction

  conduction

  induction

  radiation

  None

  3. 

  What is the angle between electric lines of force and an equipotential surface?

  45⁰

  90⁰

  0⁰

  180⁰

  None

  4. 

  What will be the complete energy released in discharging a condenser of capacity 2 μF when connected with 10 V battery?

  100 μJ

  200 μJ

  250 μJ

  10 μJ

  None

  5. 

  A charge q = 10 pC is placed at position (î – ĵ – k̂) m. What is the electric potential at a point of position vector (î + ĵ – k̂) m?

  4.5 mV

  45 mV

  0.045 V

  0.45 V

  None

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• Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-2-Electrostatic Potential and Capaitance

  1. 

  If the potential in a region is expressed as V= (3x +4y) in SI units, then the magnitude of electric field at point (0 m, 1 m, 0 m) will be:

  5 N/C

  -5 N/C

  3 N/C

  4 N/C

  None

  2. 

  In which way to connect three condensers each of capacitance 1 μF in order to get the equivalent capacitance of (2/3) μF ?

  all of them in series

  all of them in parallel

  two in parallel and one in series

  two in series and one in parallel

  None

  3. 

  At what finite distance from a negative point charge (-q), the magnitude of electric field and electric potential is equal?

  0.5 m

  1 m

  infinite

  1 cm

  None

  4. 

  What is the work done to move a point charge of 1 C from infinity to a point of potential 10 V?

  1 J

  9 J

  -10 J

  10 J

  None

  5. 

  What is the electric field at a distance 5 cm from the centre of a hollow spherical conducting shell of radius 6 cm having a charge of 2 mC on its surface?

  1.5 x 10¹⁰ V/m

  2.5 x 10¹⁰ V/m

  3.5 x 10⁻¹⁰ V/m

  zero

  None

  6. 

  An electrical charge 2 x 10⁻⁸ C is placed at the point (1, 2, 4) m. At the point (4, 2, 0) m, the electric

  potential will be 36 V

  field will be along y-axis

  field will increase if the space between the points is filled with a dielectric

  all of the above

  None

  7. 

  Two concentric spherical shell have radii a and 2a. The charge on sphere of radius a is q and the charge on sphere of radius 2a is -q. What is the electric field at distance 3a from the centre of sphere?

  Kq/2a

  -Kq/a

  zero

  kq/3a

  None

  8. 

  What is the Electric field and the electric potential inside a spherical shell having charge q on ots surface and its radius is R?

  E = 0, V = 0

  E = 0, V ≠ 0

  E ≠ 0, V = 0

  E ≠ 0, V ≠ 0

  None

  9. 

  When a dielectric material is introduced between the plates of a charged capacitor, then electric potential between the plates will

  decrease

  remain constant

  increase

  none of the above

  None

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• Chapter-3: Current Electricity
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-3-Current Electricty

  1. 

  Determine the charge on capacitor of 10 μF in the following circuit.

  

  2 μC

  200 μC

  60 μC

  10 μC

  None

  2. 

  The specific resistance of a conductor increases with

  increase in temperature

  increase in cross-sectional area

  decrease in length

  decrease in cross-sectional area

  None

  3. 

  The charge flowing through a resistance R varies with time t as Q= at – bt², where a and b are positive constants. The total hreat produced in R is:

  a³R/3b

  a³R/2b

  a³R/b

  a³R/6b

  None

  4. 

  A filament bulb (500 W, 100 V) is to be used in a 230 V main supply. When a resistance R is connected in series,it works perfectly and the bulb consumes 500 W. The value of R is:

  230 Ω

  46 Ω

  26 Ω

  13 Ω

  None

  5. 

  Identify the wrong statement.

  Charge is a vector quantity

  Current is a scalar quantity

  Charge can be quantised

  Charge is additive in nature

  None

  6. 

  The current in a conductor varies with time as I = 2t + 3 t² where I is in ampere and t is in seconds. Electric charge flowing through a section of the conductor during t =2 s to t = 3 s is

  10 C

  24 C

  33 C

  44 C

  None

  7. 

  In the circuit shown, the value of each resistance is R, then equivalent resistance of the circuit between points A and B will be

  

  (4/3) r

  3r/2

  r/3

  8r/7

  None

  8. 

  Current through wire Xy of circuit shown is

  

  1 A

  4 A

  2 A

  3 A

  None

  9. 

  In the circuit shown below, the current I₁ is

  

  1.6 A

  1.8 A

  1.25 A

  1.0 A

  None

  10. 

  What is the reading of voltmeter in the following figure?

  

  3 V

  2 V

  5 V

  4 V

  None

  11. 

  In the circuit element given here, if the potential at point B is zero, then the potential of A and D are respectively

  

  -1.5 V, +2 V

  +1.5 V, +2 V

  +1.5 V, +0.5 V

  +1.5 V, -0.5 V

  None

  12. 

  Two bulbs X and Y having the same voltage rating and of power 40 W and 60 W respectively are connected in series across a potential difference of 300 V, then

  

  X will glow brighter

  Resistance of Y is greater than X

  Heat produced in Y will be greater than X

  Voltage drop in X will be greater than Y

  None

  13. 

  If in the circuit shown below, the internal resistance of the battery is 1.5 Ω, then what is the potential difference between the points P and Q is

  

  zero

  4 V

  -4 V

  -2.5 V

  None

  14. 

  When an electric heater is switched on, the current flowing through it (I) is plotted against time (t). Taking into account the variation of resistance with temperature, which of the following best represents the resulting curve?

  

  (a)

  (b)

  (c)

  (d)

  None

  15. 

  The figure shows a circuit diagram of a Wheatstone Bridge to measure the resistance G of the galvanometer. The relation P/Q = R/G will be satisfied when

  

  the galvanometer shows a deflection when switch S is closed

  the galvanometer shows a deflection when switch S is open

  the galvanometer shows no change in deflection whether S is open or closed

  the galvanometer shows no deflection

  None

  16. 

  An ammeter gives full-scale deflection when current of 1.0 A is passed in it. To convert it into 10 A range ammeter, the ratio of its resistance and the shunt resistance will be

  1 : 9

  1 : 10

  1 : 11

  9 : 1

  None

  17. 

  50 Ω and 100 Ω resistors are connected in series. This connection is connected with a battery of 2.4. When a voltmeter of 100 Ω resistance is connected across 100 Ω resistor, then the reading of the voltmeter will be

  1.6 V

  1.0 V

  1.2 V

  2.0 V

  None

  18. 

  In a Wheatstone Bridge circuit of resistances P and S (opposite arm resistors) and resistances Q and R (remaining opposite arm resistor) connected with a battery in one diagonal and in second diagonal, a galvanometer (shape is parallelogram), for unbalanced Wheatstone Bridgem PS > QR,

  the current in the galvanometer flows from down terminal to upward terminal

  the current in the galvanometer flows from upward terminal to downward terminal

  the current is zero in the galvanometer

  none of the above

  None

  19. 

  The mobility is the ratio of

  electric field to voltage

  electric field to drift speed

  drift speed to electric field

  current density to electric field

  None

  20. 

  When temperature increases, the drift speed of electrons in a metal conductor

  increases

  decreases

  remains same

  first increases the decreases

  None

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• Chapter-4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-4-Moving Charges and Magnetism

  1. 

  To produce a magnetic field of π tesla at the centre of circular loop of diameter 1 m, the current flowing through loop is

  2× 10⁶ A

  5× 10⁶ A

  2.5× 10⁶ A

  10⁷ A

  None

  2. 

  The force on a charge due to a magnetic field can act

  on a charge which is at rest

  moving in the opposite direction of the magnetic field

  which is moving in the direction of the magnetic field

  moving in the perpendicular direction

  None

  3. 

  To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, we connect

  high resistance in parallel

  low resistance in parallel

  high resistance in series

  low resistance in series

  None

  4. 

  To convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter, we connect

  high resistance in parallel

  low resistance in parallel

  high resistance in series

  low resistance in series

  None

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• Chapter-5: Magnetism and Matter
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-5-Magnetism and Matter

  1. 

  Curie temperature is the temperature above which

  a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic

  a paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic

  a ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic

  a paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic

  None

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• Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-6-Electromagnetic Induction

  1. 

  The current in a self – inductance L = 40 mH is to be increased uniformly from 1 A to 11 A in 4 milliseconds. The magnitude of emf induced in the inductor during the process is

  440 V

  100 V

  40 V

  0.4 V

  None

  2. 

  A 100 mH coil carries a current of 1 A. Energy stored in the form of magnetic field is

  0.1 J

  0.5 J

  0.05 J

  1 J

  None

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• Chapter-7: Alternating Current
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-7- Alternating Current

  1. 

  The instantaneous voltage and current equation in a series L-C-R ac circuit is: V=200 sin⁡ (314t) (V) and i=10 sin⁡(314t- 60⁰), What is the nature of circuit and power factor?

  Inductive, 0.866

  Inductive, 0.5

  Capacitive, 0.866

  Capacitive, 0.6

  None

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• Chapter-8: Electromagnetic Wave
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-8-Electromagnetic Wave

  1. 

  Which spectrum has the highest wavelength?

  Infrared Ray

  Gamma Ray

  Ultraviolet Ray

  Microwave

  None

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• Chapter-9: Ray Optics
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-9-Ray Optics

  1. 

  Which mirror has magnification 0.25?

  Convex mirror

  Concave mirror

  Both the above mirrors

  Plain Mirror

  None

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• Chapter-10: Wave Optics
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-10-Wave Optics

  1. 

  Identify the incorrect option.

  Wavefront is the locus of oaal points which receives the light from the source.

  Ray of light is the perpendicular on the wavefront.

  Wavefront always moves in the forward direction.

  When a plane wavefront falls on a cocave mirror, the refracted wavefront is diverging spherical wavefront.

  None

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• Chapter-11: Dual nature of Radiation & Matter
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-11-Dual nature of Radiation & Matter

  1. 

  For photoelectron emission,which one is the incorrect option?

  Energy of incident light (E) > Work function (W)

  Incident frequency (f) > Threshold frequency (f₀)

  Wavelength (λ) > Threshold wavelength (λ₀)

  Wavelength (λ) < Threshold wavelength (λ₀)

  None

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• Chapter-12: Atoms
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-12-Atoms

  1. 

  The nth radius of an electron in hydrogen atom is: (n is orbital number)

  directly proportional to n

  inversely proportional to n

  directly proportional to n²

  inversely proportional to n²

  None

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• Chapter-13: Nuclei
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-13-Nuclei

  1. 

  Two nuclei Aluminium and Sodium have different mass numbers. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities?

  1 : 2

  1 : 1

  2 : 1

  1 : 3

  None

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• Chapter-14: Seconductor and Nuclei Devices
  Welcome to your Class 12 Physics: Ch-14-Semiconductor

  1. 

  Which option is incorrect?

  (a) When Aluminium is doped with pure Silicon, it becomes n-type semiconductor.

  (b) When Arsenic is added with pure Silicon, it becomes n-type semiconductor.

  (c) In forward bias, barrier height is reduced.

  (d) In p-type semiconductor, majority charge carries are holes.

  None

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